MRI/NRS Technology Designed for Imaging Dense Breast Abnormalities

Engineers and radiologists are developing a new application for diagnostic imaging of dense breasts with suspicious lesions. The magnetic resonance imaging/near-infrared spectroscopy (MRI/NIRS) technique offers greater flexibility, speed, and accuracy than existing imaging modalities. The new technology also shows potential for enhancing MRI’s ability to differentiate cancer from benign abnormalities.

Combined MRI/NIRS may benefit women whose mammogram showed an abnormality and requires additional testing to rule out cancer. The scanning would be conducted before an invasive biopsy to search for tumors. For the new technology to perform effectively in routine patient care, MRI/NIRS must adapt to an individual’s body size as well as accommodate a range of cup sizes. The equipment must also mobilize and maintain contact with the breast.

An MRI/NIRS may provide certain advantages to women with dense breasts, who are more prone to develop and die from breast cancer. A dense breast is more difficult for a radiologist to “see through” when using standard imaging equipment, which lacks the sensitivity to penetrate the dense tissue. Conventional breast screening is effective 77%–97% of the time in a normal breast, but when a breast is dense precision falls to 63%–89%.

Earlier techniques for MRI/NIRS used parallel plates and required custom breast molds for each patient. Biomedical engineers developed a new, more flexible, convenient, and comfortable approach. They designed a set of eight light transmitting cables that can be adjusted to surround the breast with light tension. A woman lies on her stomach and the breast hangs suspended through the holes of the MRI/NIRS breast coil. The procedure is nearly the same as clinical MRI scanning.

Eight women participated in the study of this new design the findings of which were published in the February 2014 issue of Academic Radiology. “We found that the new interface allowed us to target lesions more effectively than ever before,” said Dr. Michael Mastanduno, from Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University (Hanover, NH, USA) and corresponding author of the study. “Set up time was faster and images were of higher quality.”

The Dartmouth MRI/NIRS technology offers increased coverage of the chest, giving providers improved visibility for “hard to see” areas, such as the neighboring region of the breast near the armpit. “This work is a huge improvement on previous designs of MRI/NIRS systems. All breast sizes and lesion locations can now be effectively imaged. Though there is more work to be done, this technology is promising for improving MRI’s ability to distinguish cancer from benign abnormalities,” said Dr. Mastanduno.

In the next phase of the study, Dartmouth researchers will assess MRI/NIRS in women with suspicious lesions.

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Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University