Until now, there has been no way to monitor the growth and progress of engineered tissues once they were implanted. The study’s findings were published in the December 2011 issue of the FASEB Journal. “We hope that the important findings from our study will serve as a valuable tool for physicians and scientists working to better understand the biological mechanisms involved in tissue engineering,” said Christopher K. Breuer, MD, coauthor of the study from the Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics at Yale University School of Medicine (New Haven, CT, USA). “Resulting advances will hopefully usher in a new era of personalized medical treatments where replacement vessels are specifically designed for each patient suffering from cardiac anomalies and disease.”

To create this technology, scientists used two different groups of cells to make tissue-engineered blood vessels. In the first group, the cells were labeled with the MRI contrast agent. In the second group, the cells were normal and did not have an MRI label. Cells from each group were then used to create separate laboratory-engineered blood vessels, which were implanted into mice. The reason for this was to determine whether the laboratory-engineered blood vessels made from cells that were labeled with the contrast agent would indeed be visible on MRI and to make sure that the addition of the contrast agent did not negatively influence the cells or the function of the laboratory-engineered vessels.

Researchers imaged the mice with MRI and found that it was possible to monitor the cells labeled with contrast agent, but not possible to track the cells that were not labeled. This suggests that using MRI and cellular contrast agents to study cellular changes in the tissue-engineered blood vessels after they are implanted is an effective way to monitor these kinds of vessels.

“This is great news for patients with congenital heart defects, who have to undergo tissue grafting, but that’s only the tip of the scalpel,” said Gerald Weissmann, MD, editor-in-chief of the FASEB Journal. “As we progress toward an era of personalized medicine--where patients’ own tissues and cells will be re-engineered into replacement organs and treatments--we will need noninvasive ways to monitor what happens inside the body in real time. This technique fulfills another promise of nanobiology.”

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Yale University School of Medicine